What is melanin, and why is it important for tanning?

Melanin is a natural pigment produced in the skin by specialized cells called melanocytes. It plays a crucial role in the tanning process by providing pigmentation, which can help protect the skin against harmful UV radiation from the sun. When the skin is exposed to UV rays, melanocytes produce more melanin, resulting in a darker skin tone, commonly known as tanning.

This increased production of melanin serves as a protective mechanism, as it absorbs UV radiation and helps reduce the risk of skin damage, such as sunburn and long-term skin conditions. Thus, understanding the role of melanin can help individuals appreciate the body's natural defenses against UV exposure and the process of achieving a tan safely.

While other answers present various aspects related to UV rays and the tanning process, only the one chosen accurately describes melanin's dual function as both a pigment that darkens the skin and provides a degree of protection against UV rays through its production in response to sun exposure.